Glossary

Algorithmic Proof

A mathematical or computational method used to verify the accuracy or trustworthiness of data without requiring third-party validation.

Bearer Proof

A cryptographic proof that verifies inclusion in a dataset without needing access to the entire set. It allows for secure, lightweight data ownership confirmation.

Block Reward

The amount of XL1 tokens given to a block producer for successfully generating a new block on the XYO Layer One Blockchain.

Block Validator Node

A type of XYO node that confirms the validity of new blocks before finalization. Validators are key to slashing dishonest actors and maintaining integrity.

Block Producer Node

A node that builds blocks by selecting transactions from the pending pool and producing the corresponding cryptographic payloads.

Bound Witness

A core concept in XYO’s Proof of Origin protocol, representing cryptographic validation of a data event or interaction between multiple parties.

Bound Witness Tree (BWT)

A rollup structure made up of multiple Bound Witnesses organized in a tree format. Enables fast validation by referencing a single root hash.

Byzantine Action

Malicious or faulty behavior in a distributed system that violates consensus rules—such as submitting invalid blocks.

Chain of Chains

The architecture that allows independent XYO Proof of Origin chains to unify into a shared state on the XYO Layer One Blockchain.

Efficiency Node

A supporting node that maintains reference data (e.g., balances) to speed up block validation and reduce redundant computations.

Finalization

The process by which a block is confirmed as immutable and beyond the slashing window. Ensures the chain’s state is considered reliable.

Framing Cursor

A pointer system that divides the blockchain into retrievable “frames” or segments for optimized navigation and data lookup.

Gas Fee

A fee paid in XL1 to cover the cost of executing transactions and smart contract operations on the blockchain.

Genesis Era

The initial token distribution phase for XL1.

Lookback Window

A mechanism that limits the amount of historical data nodes must actively maintain—focusing on recent transactions for scalability.

Participation Transaction

A transaction submitted by a node to prove it was actively contributing to the network, even if its actions left no visible record.

Proof of Location

An original XYO protocol validating that a specific piece of data originated from a trusted source or device.

Proof of Origin

An original XYO protocol validating that a specific piece of data originated from a trusted source or device.

Proof of Participation

A system that enables nodes to receive rewards for invisible work by allowing them to submit attestations of their activity.

Proof of Perfect (PoP)

An algorithm that ranks data points—like chain heads—by how close they are to being “perfect” in accuracy and trustworthiness.

Priority Fee

An optional XL1 fee offered to block producers to incentivize faster inclusion of a specific transaction.

Rollup

A technique that bundles multiple transactions into a single proof, reducing on-chain data load and increasing throughput.

Slashing

The penalty mechanism by which staked tokens are destroyed or reallocated due to bad behavior or protocol violations.

Smart Contract

A self-executing agreement encoded in software that runs on the blockchain and performs operations without intermediaries.

Stake / Staking

Locking tokens into the blockchain protocol to secure the network, participate in consensus, or earn rewards.

Step Hash

A structure that groups blocks into progressively larger clusters, enabling faster lookup and validation through logarithmic navigation.

Step Reward

A large-scale reward distributed at key block milestones from a shared pool, incentivizing validators and long-term contributors.

Transaction Pool

A list of unconfirmed transactions awaiting inclusion in the next block by block producers.

Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP)

A cryptographic method that allows verification of a claim without revealing the underlying data—used in Rollups for privacy and efficiency.